1 - Legal Reasoning
   Copyright
   Preface

9 - Contents
   Part 1 Introduction
   Part 2 Rationality
   Part 3 Irrationality
   Part 4 Method

16 - Labels

20 - Table of Legislation

23 - Table of Cases

30 - Table of Names

39 - Introduction
   Purpose
   Legal Tasks
   Legal Reasoning
   Legal Method

53 - Rationality
   Introduction
   Being Rational
   Being Irrational

58 - Analysing Legal Rules
   Introduction
   Structure of a Rule
   Relationships Between Rules

67 - Logical Reasoning
   Introduction
   Deduction
   Induction
   Abduction
   Analogy
   Probability
   Comparison

74 - Deduction
   Introduction
   Nature
   Applying Law
   Interpreting Law
   Ascertaining Values
   Ascertaining Causal Laws
   Proving Facts

95 - Induction
   Introduction
   Nature
   Ascertaining Values
   Ascertaining Causal Laws
   Proving Facts
   Proving Facts: Patterns of Behaviour
   Proving Facts: Individual Behaviour
   Proving Facts: General Behaviour
   Common Errors

114 - Abduction
   Introduction
   Nature
   Uses

118 - Analogy
   Introduction
   Nature
   Making Common Law

129 - Probability
   Introduction
   Measuring Probability
   Applying Probability
   Assigning Probability
   Deriving Probability
   Fallacies in Probability

156 - Policy
   Introduction
   Levels of Policy
   Basis of Policy
   Nature of Policy
   Model for Policy
   Derivatives of Policy

175 - Nature of Net Benefit
   Introduction
   Net Benefit Rule
   Changeover Costs and Benefits
   Operating Costs and Benefits
   Illustration

191 - Measurement of Net Benefit
   Introduction
   Methods of Measurement
   Problem of Measurement
   Attempts to Alleviate Problems
   Conclusion

201 - Cause
   Introduction
   Determinism
   Science
   Nature of Causation

219 - Cause: Explanatory Theories
   Introduction
   General Theories
   Theories of Complex Behaviour
   Theories of Legal Compliance
   Appendix: Force Field Diagram

270 - Cause: Responding to Uncertainty
   Introduction
   Expected Value
   Review of Legislation
   Review of Judicial Decisions
   Disjointed Incrementalism
   Precautionary Principle
   Defensive Design

284 - Effects
   Introduction
   Continuation of Effects
   Operation of Effects
   Function of Effects
   Prediction of Effects

304 - Values
   Introduction
   Definition of Values
   Deployment of Values
   Outline

309 - Classification of Values
   Introduction
   Deontological and Teleological Values
   Absolute and Relative Values

319 - Choice of Values
   Introduction
   Unity of Values
   Diversity of Values
   Compromise View
   Choice of Values

351 - Social Choice
   Introduction
   Making Law
   Interpreting Law

356 - Social Choice: Making Law
   Introduction
   Direct Democracy
   Representative Democracy
   Deliberative Democracy
   Social Democracy
   Conclusion

374 - Social Choice: Interpreting Law
   Introduction
   1. Legislative Legitimacy
   2. Metademocracy
   Deference
   Reconstructionism
   Pragmatism
   Disciplinarianism
   3. Judicial Legitimacy
   4. Legislative Legitimacy Reinterpreted

411 - Precedent
   Introduction
   1. Nature of Precedent
   Preserving Rules
   Preserving Policy
   Avoiding Costs
   2. Overruling Precedent

424 - Rules
   Introduction
   Identifying Meanings
   Promoting Meanings

430 - Analysing Ambiguity
   Introduction
   1. Language
   2. Ambiguity
   Nature of Ambiguity
   Prevalence of Ambiguity
   Need to Identify Meanings
   How to Identify Meanings
   3. Limits to Interpretation
   General Limits: Language
   Specific Limits: Ambiguity

449 - Observing Facts
   Introduction
   Observation by a Witness
   Observation by Equipment
   Observation by the Court
   Observation by an Institution

457 - Irrationality
   Introduction
   Psychology
   Sociology
   Economics
   Philosophy
   Situational Factors

479 - Legal Method
   Introduction
   Absence of Method
   Need for Method
   Nature of Method

490 - Model for Organising Law
   Introduction
   Macro Analysis
   Micro Analysis

494 - Model for Forming Law
   Introduction
   Step 1: Options
   Step 2: Reasons
   Step 3: Decision
   Justification of the Model
   Applications of the Model

516 - Model for Using Law
   Introduction
   1. Legal Position
   2 Syllogism
   Major Premise
   Minor Premise
   Conclusion
   3 Model
   Structure of the Model
   Uses of the Model